What are derivatives?

Derivatives are financial instruments or investment tools whose value is based on the price or value of an underlying asset in the future. These instruments are mainly used to reduce market risk caused by price fluctuations or to generate profit.

For example, derivatives can be used to manage or hedge against risks arising from changes in exchange rates, securities prices, interest rates, and other variable prices in the future.

Types of derivatives:

  1. Futures – Contracts to buy or sell an asset or security at a predetermined price on a specific date in the future.

  2. Options – Contracts that give the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call option) or sell (put option) an asset at a specified price within a certain period.

  3. Swaps – Agreements between two parties to exchange financial instruments, such as interest rates or currency exchange terms.

Derivatives are mainly used to manage risks, protect market positions, or generate additional profits. However, they are often complex and can carry high risks, making them more suitable for investors with proper knowledge and experience.